Personal Pronouns (Personalpronomen)¶
Personal pronouns replace nouns that represent people, things, or ideas. They are the most common pronouns and change form based on their case (their job in the sentence).
- Nominative: The subject (the "doer").
- Er liest. (He is reading.)
- Accusative: The direct object (receives the action).
- Ich sehe ihn. (I see him.)
- Dative: The indirect object (receives the direct object).
- Ich gebe ihm das Buch. (I give the book to him.)
- Genitive: Used after genitive prepositions (e.g., statt). This is less common.
Personal Pronoun Declension¶
| Case | 1st p. (I) | 2nd p. (you) | 3rd p. Masc. (he/it) | 3rd p. Fem. (she/it) | 3rd p. Neut. (it) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ich | du | er | sie | es |
| Akk. | mich | dich | ihn | sie | es |
| Dat. | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm |
| Gen. | meiner | deiner | seiner | ihrer | seiner |
| Case | 1st p. (we) | 2nd p. (you all) | 3rd p. (they) | Formal (you) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | wir | ihr | sie | Sie |
| Akk. | uns | euch | sie | Sie |
| Dat. | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen |
| Gen. | unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer |
Examples¶
-
Nominative:
- Ich gehe ins Kino. (I am going to the cinema.)
- Sie (she) kauft ein Auto. (She is buying a car.)
- Sie (they) lernen Deutsch. (They are learning German.)
-
Accusative:
- Er besucht mich. (He is visiting me.)
- Ich sehe euch. (I see you all.)
- Wir lieben ihn. (We love him.)
-
Dative:
- Gibst du mir das Salz? (Are you giving me the salt?)
- Der Lehrer hilft ihnen. (The teacher is helping them.)
- Ich danke Ihnen. (I thank you [formal].)
-
Genitive: (Used with certain prepositions or in formal constructions)
- Sie gedenkt seiner. (She commemorates him.)
- Anstatt unser geht er. (He is going instead of us.)