Pronomen (Pronouns)

Introduction

Pronouns replace nouns in a sentence to avoid repetition and indicate relationships. German pronouns change depending on person, number, gender, and case (Kasus).

There are several types of pronouns, each with a specific job.

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In This Section

• 1. Personal Pronouns (Personalpronomen) Used to refer to people or things directly (ich, du, er, sie, es...).

• 2. Possessive Pronouns (Possessivpronomen) Used to show ownership (mein, dein, sein, ihr...).

• 3. Reflexive Pronouns (Reflexivpronomen) Used when the subject and object are the same (mich, dich, sich...).

• 4. Demonstrative Pronouns (Demonstrativpronomen) Used to point out specific people or things (dieser, jener).

• 5. Relative Pronouns (Relativpronomen) Used to introduce relative clauses (der, die, das, welcher...).

• 6. Interrogative Pronouns (Fragepronomen) Used to ask questions (wer, was, wem, welcher...).

• 7. Indefinite Pronouns (Indefinitpronomen) Used to refer to nonspecific things or people (man, jemand, nichts, alle...).

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💡 Tips

1. Learn pronouns together with case endings; it’s the only way to remember them reliably.
2. Relative pronouns depend on the case of their role in the relative clause, not the main clause.
3. The third-person reflexive pronoun (for er, sie, es, sie, Sie) is always sich.

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